In which case did the Supreme Court rule that use of force constitutes a seizure under the 4th Amendment?

The Supreme Court ruled in Graham v. Connor that the use of force by law enforcement officers constitutes a seizure under the Fourth Amendment. This landmark case established that when a police officer employs force, it falls within the scope of a seizure of a person. Consequently, the standard for evaluating the reasonableness of the use of force must consider the totality of the circumstances surrounding the incident.

The Court emphasized that the assessment of whether the use of force is reasonable must take into account the perspective of a reasonable officer on the scene at the time of the event. This ruling is crucial in understanding the protections afforded by the Fourth Amendment against unreasonable searches and seizures, establishing a framework for how law enforcement conduct should be evaluated in relation to constitutional rights.

Other cases either do not address the concept of seizures in the context of the Fourth Amendment or involve different legal principles entirely, which is why they do not apply in this context.